Étape n°18 – Place Lucie Aubrac

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De nombreuses espèces de saules sont présentes ici, certaines naturelles liées à la présence de l’eau sur les terres martinéroises, d’autres sont des espèces horticoles, plantées par le Service des Espaces verts afin d’agrémenter la place.

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L’osier noir (Salix purpurea L.) nommé “saule pourpre” en Dauphiné, est utilisé pour la vannerie. Il est reconnaissable à ses rameaux assez grêles, ses feuilles étroites opposées et son écorce verte qui devient ensuite pourpre.

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On rencontre couramment le saule blanc (Salix alba L.) ou osier blanc, le plus grand des saules, au bord de l’eau. Il a des rameaux de couleur orange clair, de longues feuilles argentées et soyeuses et, dès le mois d’avril, se couvre de chatons jaunes pleins de pollen. Taillé, le saule a de longues tiges souples que l’on peut vanner, tresser, lier, comme les branches du saule des vanniers.

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Le saule des vanniers (Salix viminalis), est le saule le plus utilisé et le plus cultivé pour la qualité de ses osiers. Il fournit des brins de grosse section jaunes verdâtres, longs, droits et effilés qui servent à fabriquer paniers, corbeilles et liens de toutes sortes, en particulier pour attacher la vigne naguère. C’est un petit arbre de sept à huit mètres maximum, aux feuilles étroites et lancéolées.

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Le saule marsault (Salix caprea L.) ou saule des chèvres, aux feuilles ovales arrondies, est une essence de lumière qui s’installe aussi bien au bord de l’eau que dans les talus ou les clairières. Il croit très rapidement tant qu’aucun autre arbre ne lui fait d’ombre. Dès le mois de mars, un bourdonnement vous guidera peut-être vers les pieds mâles couverts de chatons odorants jaune d’or. Ces derniers attirent des nuées de bourdons et d’abeilles pour leurs premiers festins. Ce saule n’est pas utilisé pour la vannerie mais son bois est destiné à fabriquer des pieux.

[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container type=”flex” hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” align_content=”stretch” flex_align_items=”flex-start” flex_justify_content=”flex-start” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” container_tag=”div” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” status=”published” border_style=”solid” box_shadow=”no” box_shadow_blur=”0″ box_shadow_spread=”0″ gradient_start_position=”0″ gradient_end_position=”100″ gradient_type=”linear” radial_direction=”center center” linear_angle=”180″ background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ background_blend_mode=”none” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” absolute=”off” absolute_devices=”small,medium,large” sticky=”off” sticky_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_transition_offset=”0″ scroll_offset=”0″ animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ filter_hue=”0″ filter_saturation=”100″ filter_brightness=”100″ filter_contrast=”100″ filter_invert=”0″ filter_sepia=”0″ filter_opacity=”100″ filter_blur=”0″ filter_hue_hover=”0″ filter_saturation_hover=”100″ filter_brightness_hover=”100″ filter_contrast_hover=”100″ filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ filter_blur_hover=”0″][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”2_3″ align_self=”auto” content_layout=”column” align_content=”flex-start” valign_content=”flex-start” content_wrap=”wrap” center_content=”no” target=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” order_medium=”0″ order_small=”0″ hover_type=”none” border_style=”solid” box_shadow=”no” box_shadow_blur=”0″ box_shadow_spread=”0″ background_type=”single” gradient_start_position=”0″ gradient_end_position=”100″ gradient_type=”linear” radial_direction=”center center” linear_angle=”180″ background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” background_blend_mode=”none” filter_type=”regular” filter_hue=”0″ filter_saturation=”100″ filter_brightness=”100″ filter_contrast=”100″ filter_invert=”0″ filter_sepia=”0″ filter_opacity=”100″ filter_blur=”0″ filter_hue_hover=”0″ filter_saturation_hover=”100″ filter_brightness_hover=”100″ filter_contrast_hover=”100″ filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ filter_blur_hover=”0″ animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ last=”true” border_position=”all” min_height=”” link=”” first=”true”][fusion_text rule_style=”default” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky”]

Le saule pleureur (Salix babylonica) ne se rencontre pas dans les zones humides naturellement, car il s’agit d’une espèce cultivée originaire de Chine. Il ne convient pas vraiment pour fabriquer des paniers, ses tiges étant trop fragiles.

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Il peut aussi devenir saule “têtard” lorsque son tronc supporte une “tête” présentant de nombreux renflements qui s’est formée à la suite d’une taille répétée. L’apparition des arbres têtards date du Moyen-Âge, lorsque les paysans n’avaient pas le droit d’abattre les arbres, propriétés des seigneurs, mais pouvaient récupérer les petites branches. La taille “en têtard” était pratiquée tous les hivers de façon à former une “tête” avec un bourrelet au sommet du tronc. Ainsi, les branches repoussaient au fur et à mesure de sa croissance et de sa taille. Ils ont peu à peu disparu de nos paysages, mais sont actuellement revalorisés pour la biodiversité qu’ils hébergent.

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La Place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac a été inaugurée en 2008. Cette place publique est très végétalisée pour évoquer l’histoire de la plaine alluvionnaire de l’Isère. Elle met en valeur la proximité de la nappe phréatique et des berges de l’Isère. Lucie Aubrac (1912-2007), grande résistante connue pour son courage et son goût de la liberté, est souvent venue à Saint-Martin d’Hères pour transmettre ses valeurs et nous dire que « Résister se conjugue au présent ». Son mari, Raymond Aubrac (1914-2012), dernier survivant des chefs de la Résistance réunis et arrêtés en juin 1943 à Caluire (Rhône), déclarait : « À l’origine, tous les gens qui font de la résistance ont deux caractéristiques en commun : ils sont volontaires et ils sont tous désobéissants. »

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saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” content_alignment_medium=”” content_alignment_small=”” content_alignment=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” margin_top=”” margin_right=”” margin_bottom=”” margin_left=”” fusion_font_family_text_font=”” fusion_font_variant_text_font=”” font_size=”” line_height=”” letter_spacing=”” text_transform=”” text_color=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_color=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=””] Les espaces verts : les îlots végétaux, ou “pastilles”, sont délimités par un treillis de saules qui permet la création d’une clôture végétale. Plusieurs variétés d’arbres, taillés en têtard ou libres, composent ces espaces : saule tortueux, saule osier, saule blanc, saule drapé, saule marsault, etc. Deux sortes d’îles, surélevées ou en creux, permettent d’établir un lien étroit avec le sol. Cet aménagement en pastilles a ainsi pour fonction de recueillir les eaux pluviales de toute la place avant d’être ré-introduites directement dans la nappe phréatique. En conséquence, une végétation adaptée aux milieux humides agrémente les parterres. Des chênes, adaptés au sol humide, ont également été plantés. 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